TINDAKAN PERUNDUNGAN (BULLYING) DALAM DUNIA PENDIDIKAN DITINJAU BERDASARKAN HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM
Abstract
Abstract: Bullying in Word of Education in the Perspective of Islamic Criminal Law. Bullying in the world of education is reprehensible actions and forbidden by Islam because it can injure the victim both physically and mentally. In the aspect of a crime, if the bullying is done by a student or students who have grown up, resulting in injuries, loss or damage to property or death of the victim offender a crime punishable by hudûd, ta’zir and qishâsh. However, if such bullying resulted in the victim distress, fear, trauma and others outside the category of a crime hudûd and qishâsh the offender can be punished with ta'zir. Conversely, if the bullying is done by the student or students who are minors the offender liable to punishment in the form of diyath ta`zir, kaffarah, alternative or substitute penalty (‘uqubât al-badilâh) which aims to educate or provide lessons for the offender and others so that similar acts could be prevented.
Kata Kunci: perundungan, dunia pendidikan, hukum pidana Islam
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
‘Ala’ al-Dîn Abi Bakr bin Mas‘ûd al-Kasanî al-Hanafî. Badâ’i‘ al-Shanâ’i‘ fî Tartîb al-Syarâ’i‘. Jilid VII. Beirut: Dâr Ma‘rifah, t.t.
‘Ali bin Abi ‘Ali bin Muhammad al-Âmidî. Al-Ihkâm fî Ushûl al-Ahkâm. Jilid I. Beirut: Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, t.t.
Abdullah, Nandiyah. “Meminimalisasi Bullying di Sekolah,” dalam Magistra, Vol. XXV, No. 83, Maret 2013.
Abidin, Ibn. Hasyiah ibn ‘Abidîn (Raddu al-Mukhtar ‘ala al-Dâr al-Mukhtar) Mawafiq li al-Matbu’. Jilid IV. Beirut: Dâr al-Ihyâ ‘al-Turats al-‘Arabi, t.t.
Akmal, Fathilah, et al. “Buli dan Gangsterisme di Sekolah,” dalam International Conference on Education and Regional Development 2016 (ICERD 2016). Cross-Cultural Education for Sustainable Regional Development. Bandung, pada 31 Oktober & 1 November 2016.
Al-Mawardî. Al-Ahkâm al-Sulthâniah wa al-Wilâyat al-Diniyah. Mesir: Matba‘ah Mushthafa al-Bâbî al-Halabi wa Auladuh, 1966.
Al-Munawî. Faidh al-Qadir. Juz I. Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr, 1996.
Al-Munzirî. Mukhtashar Shahîh Muslim. Beirut: al-Maktabah al-Islâmi, 1939.
Al-Qardhâwî, Yûsuf. Iman, Revolusi & Reformasi Kehidupan, terj. Hasi Anwar Wahid dan H.M. Mochtar Zoerni. Singapura: Pustaka Nasional Pte. Ltd., 1987.
Al-Syâfi‘i. al-Umm. Kairo: Dâr al-Ghad, 1990.
Anies, Baswedan. “Jangan Pakai Bullying, Perundungan Aja Ya.” dalam http://www.jpnn. com, 26 Januari 2016.
Audah, ‘Abd al-Qâdir. Al-Tasyrî‘ al-Jinâ’î al-Islâmi Muqâranan bi al-Qanûn al-Wadh‘i. Jilid II. Beirut: Mu’assasâh al-Risâlah, 1986.
Audah, ‘Abd al-Qâdir. Al-Tasyrî‘ al-Jinâ’î al-Islâmi Muqâ’ranan bi al-Qanûn al-Wadh‘i. Jilid I. Beirut: Muassasah al-Risalah, 1989.
Awani, Astro. “Kira-kira 3,000 Kes Buli di Sekolah Direkod pada 2015.” dalam http://www. astroawani.com, 14 September 2016.
Bahnasi, Ahmad Fathi. Al-Ma’uliyyah al-Jina’iyah fî al-Fiqh al-Islâmi. Kairo: al-Halabi, 1969.
Bird, Roger. Osborn’s Concise Law Distionary. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1983.
Burhân al-Dîn Ibrâhîm bin ‘Ali bin Abi al-Qâsim bin Muhammad bin Farhun. Tabsirah al-Hukkâm fî Ushûl al-Aqdhiyah wa Manâhij al-Ahkâm. Jilid II. Beirut: Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1995.
De Cruz, P. Comparative Law in a Changingworld. London: Cavendish Publishing Limited, 1999.
Demaray, M.K., dan Malecki, C. K. “Perceptions of the Frequency and Importance of Social Support by Students Classified as Victims, Bullies, and Bully/Victims in an Urban Middle School,” dalam School Psychology Review,Vol. 32, 2003.
Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia. Al-Qur‘an dan Terjemahan. Jakarta: Syamil Cipta Media, 1999.
Donald, E. et al. “Corporal Punishment in School,” dalam Journal of Adolescence Health, Vol. 23, 2003.
Duncan, et al. “Nigel, Defining and Describing What We Do: Doctrinal Legal Research,” dalam Deakin Law Review, Vol. 17, 2012.
French, D. C. “Heterogeneity of Peer-Rejected Boys: Aggressive and Nonaggressive Subtypes,” dalam Child Development Journal, Vol. 59, 1988.
Garner, Bryan A. Black’s Law Dictionary. London: Minnessota, 1999.
Hanafi, Ahmad. Azas-Azas Hukum Pidana Islam. Cet. 4. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang, 2000.
Hendrian, Dedi. “Wajah Perlindungan Anak 2016,” dalam http://www.kpai.go.id/utama/wajah-perlindungan-anak-2016-2/,13 Januari 2017.
Hidayati, Nurul. “Bullying pada Anak: Analisis dan Alternatif Solusi,” dalam Insan, Vol. 14, No. 01, April 2012.
Ibn ‘Âbidîn, Muhammad Âmîn ibn ‘Umar, Hâshîyat ibn ‘Âbidîn, Radd al-Mukhtâr ‘ala al-Durr al-Mukhtâr. Jilid VI. Beirut: Dâr Ma‘rifah, 2000.
Ibrâhim al-Bajurî. Tahqiq al-Maqam ‘ala Kifâyah al-‘Awam. Jilid II. Mesir: Dâr al-Taba‘ah al-Kubra al-Mishriyyah, 1280 H.
Ismail, Paizah. “Implementation of Diyat in Legal Framework in Malaysia: Challenge to The Contemporary Islamic Jurisprudence,” dalam Journal of Fiqh, Vol. 54, No. 9, 2012.
Ismail, Paizah. Undang-Undang Jenayah Islam. Petaling Jaya: Dewan Pustaka Islam, 1991.
Jalâl al-Dîn ‘Abd al-Rahmân al-Suyuthî. al-Asybâh wa al-Nazhâ’ir fî Qawâ‘id wa Furû‘ Fiqh al-Syâfi‘iyah. Kairo: Dâr al-Salâm, 2013.
Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa Depatemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2008.
Khalid, Mahadi. “Tingkah Laku Buli dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama di Sarawak”, dalam Seminar Penyelidikan Pendidikan Institut Perguruan Batu Lintang, Pembudayaan Penyelidikan Ke Arah Kecemerlangan Profesionalisme Keguruan, 2 Mei 2007.
Kurniawan, Dadang. “Jokowi akan Terbitkan Perpres Soal Bullying di Sekolah,” dalam http: //nasional.republika.co.id, 21 Januari 2016.
Maanen, J. Van. “Reclaiming Qualitative Methods for Organizational Research: Preface,” dalam Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 24, 1979.
Maliki, A.E., Asagwara, C.G. “Bullying Problems Among School Children,” dalam Journal Hum Ecol, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2009.
Manshûr, Abû Tha‘âlibî, Fiqh al-Lughah wa Sirr al-‘Arabiyyah. Beirut: Dâr al-Fikr al-‘Araby, t.t.
Mastuhu dan Ridwan, M. Deden. Tradisi Baru Penelitian Agama Islam: Tinjauan Antara Disiplin Ilmu. Cet. 3. Jakarta: Pustaka Firdaus, 2002.
Mohamad, Abdul Basir. Undang-undang Tort Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2009.
Mufrihah, Arina. “Perundungan Reaktif di Sekolah Dasar dan Intervensi Berbasis Nuansa Sekolah,” dalam Jurnal Psikologi, Vol. 43, No. 2, 2016.
Muhammad, Madkur Salâm. Ushûl al-Fiqh al-Islami. Kairo: Dâr al-Nahdhah al-‘Arabiyah, 1976.
Nahuda, et, al. Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Anak (P2TP2A). Jakarta: Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2007.
Olweus, D. “Bully/Victim Problems in School: Facts and Intervention,” dalam European Journal of Psychology of Education, Vol, 12, 1997.
Olweus, D. “Bullying at School: Basic Facts and Effects of a School Based Intervention Program,” dalam Child Psychology Psychiatry, Vol. 35, 1994.
Rahman, Saad Abdul. Undang-Undang Jenayah Islam: Jenayah Qisas. Shah Alam: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1990.
Ramdhani, Neila. “Emosi Moral dan Empati pada Pelaku Perundungan-Siber,” dalam Jurnal Psikologi, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2016.
Rastati, Ranny. “Bentuk Perundungan Siber di Media Sosial dan Pencegahannya Bagi Korban dan Pelaku,” dalam Jurnal Sosioteknologi, Vol. 15, No 2, Agustus 2016.
Rigby, K dan Slee, P.T. “Bullying Among Australian School Children: Reported Behaviour and Attitudes Towards Victims,” dalam Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 131, 1991.
Rigby, K., Cox, I., dan Black, G., “Cooperativeness and Bully/Victim Problems Among Austrialian School Children.” dalam The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 137, 1997.
Sabiq, Sayyid, Fiqh al-Sunnah, Jilid II, terj. Nur Hasanuddin. Jakarta: Pena Pundi Aksara, 2006.
Saibon, Jamalsafri, dan Ahmad Zamri. “Hubungan Antara Status Sosial Murid dengan Tahap Tingkah Laku Buli,” h. 2, dalam http://www.medc.com.my, 23 Februari 2017.
Setyawan, Davit. “KPAI: Kasus Bullying dan Pendidikan Karakter”, dalam http://www.kpai. go.id, 16 Oktober 2016.
Shaiffudin, Muhammad, et al. “Hukuman Pemenjaraan terhadap Pesalah Kanak-Kanak di Malaysia: Pencegahan atau Pemulihan,” dalam Jurnal Kanun, Jil. 13, 2009.
Sucipto, “Bullying dan Upaya Meminimalisasikannya,” dalam Psikopedagogia, Vol. 1, No. 1, Juni 2012.
Surilena. “Perilaku Bullying (Perundungan) pada Anak dan Remaja,” dalam Jurnal Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2016.
Tattum, O. P., dan Lane, D. A. Bullying in Schools. Stoke on Trent: Trentham Books, 1988.
Trevi, Respati, “Sikap Siswa kelas X SMK Y Tangerang Terhadap Bullying,” dalam Jurnal Psikologi, Vol. 10, No. 1, Juni 2012.
Tumon, Matraisa Bara Asie. “Studi Deskirptif Perilaku Bullying pada Remaja,” dalam Jurnal Imliah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2014.
Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak Jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 35 tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak.
Winurin, Sulis. “Praktik Bullying dalam Masa Orientasi Peserta Didik Baru dan Upaya Pemerintah Mengatasinya,” Buletin, Vol. VII, No. 15/I/P3DI/Agustus/2015.
Yaqin, Anwarul. “Legal Research and Writting,” dalam Malayan Law Journal SDN BHD, Vol. 1, 2007.
Zakaria, Mohammad Ramzi. “Kecuaian dan Pengabaian Kanak-kanak oleh Ibu Bapa: Kedu-dukannya di bawah Akta Kanak-kanak 2001 dan Prinsip Syariah,” dalam Jurnal Undang-Undang Masyarakat (JUUM), Vo. 19, 2015.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/miqot.v41i2.488
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman (P-ISSN: 0852-0720; E-ISSN: 2502-3616) by http://jurnalmiqotojs.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/jurnalmiqot/index is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright �2023 Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara Medan. Powered by Public Knowledge Project OJS.