PARADIGMA BERMAZHAB PONDOK PESANTREN DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Abstract

Abstrak: Sebagai model pendidikan Islam tertua di Indonesia, pondok pesantren (pontren) mempunyai peran strategis dalam pelestarian ajaran Islam, terutama terlihat dalam transmisi tradisi bermazhab melalui kegiatan pembelajaran fikih dengan kurikulum dan referensi sejumlah kitab-kitab klasik yang bersifat doktrinal dan monoton. Hasil penelitian terhadap 12 (dua belas) pontren di Kalimantan Selatan dengan pendekatan studi kasus melalui metode wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi menunjukkan kuatnya tradisi bermadzhab dalam fikih yang ter- institusionalisasi dalam kurikulum dan sistem pembelajaran fikih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di dalam pembelajaran fikih, baik yang diselenggarakan melalui sistem klasikal atau nonklasikal, bandongan/wetonan, ceramah dan atau diskusi, pelembagaan mazhab terlihat pada bahan ajar/kitab fikih yang digunakan dan konsep serta paradigma guru tentang mazhab. Hal tersebut berimplikasi pada terciptanya alumni yang eksklusif dalam memahami dan menyikapi perbedaan pendapat.

Abstract: the Paradigm of Islamic Legal School Adherents in Pondok Pesantren (Islamic boarding school) of South Kalimantan. As the oldest model of Islamic education in Indonesia, pondok pesantren has strategic role in the preservation of the thought of Islam, especially noticeable in transmission of the tradition follow mazhab through learning activities with curriculum and several classic books as references in doctrinal and monotonous approach. Result of study in twelve (12) pontren in South Kalimantan in case study approach through indepth interviews, observation, and documentation methods showed strong tradition in follow madzhab institutionalized in the curriculum and learning systems of fiqh. The study also showed that in the study of fiqh, both held by a classical (bandongan/ wetonan) or non-classical system (lecture or discussion), the institutionalization of mazhab appear on teaching materials/book of fiqh used, concepts and paradigms of teachers on mazhab. These conditions may lead to boosting the creation of exclusive alumni in understanding and addressing differences of opinion amongst Islamic legal schools.

Kata Kunci: hukum Islam, fikih, madzhab, pondok pesantren, salafi, khalafi